日常膳食锌摄入水平与绝经后女性骨密度之间的关系：一项基于DRYAD数据库的二次分析

目的明确每日膳食锌摄入量与绝经后女性骨密度之间的相关性。方法采用Empowerstats和R软件对DRYAD数据库数据进行二次分析,通过线性回归探索每日膳食锌摄入量与绝经后女性骨密度之间的线性关系,并采用广义加性模型进行曲线拟合分析二者间的非线性关系。结果该研究共纳入282例绝经后女性。在调整年龄、每日钙摄入量后,每日膳食锌摄入量和绝经后女性髋骨骨密度存在阈值关联。当每日摄入锌超过32.9 mg时,每日锌摄入量每增加1 mg,髋骨骨密度增加4.87 mg/cm2(P0.05)。结论每日膳食锌摄入量与绝经后女性骨密度之间存在阈值效应关系,这将为今后绝经后女性预防骨质疏松的营养支持与补充提供依据和指导。     

The Effect of Bone Quality on Tibial Component Migration in Medial Cemented Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty. A Prospective Cohort Study Using Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry and Radiostereometric Analysis

BackgroundPeriprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) may influence implant fixation and subsequent loosening. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) restores normal knee kinematics and load distribution to the surrounding bone. We studied the influence of systemic and periprosthetic BMD of the proximal tibia on migration of the tibial component of cemented medial UKA.MethodsThe cohort was dichotomized into a normal BMD group (T-score ≥ −1; n = 37) and a low BMD group (T-score < −1; n = 28) according to World Health Organization criteria. BMD of the proximal tibia and migration of the tibial component were measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry scans and stereoradiographs with 2-year follow-up.ResultsPatients with normal systemic BMD had an 11% to15% higher BMD in all regions of interest (ROIs) compared to patients with low systemic BMD throughout follow-up. Over time, a decrease in periprosthetic BMD in ROI 1-3 was seen for both groups. The operated knees and contralateral knees showed a similar reduction in BMD in all ROIs between preoperative and 24 months.Between 12 and 24 months, the normal BMD group migrated (maximal total point motion) 0.03 mm (95% confidence interval, −0.01, 0.08) and the low BMD group migrated 0.02 mm (95% confidence interval, −0.03, 0.07). Migration over time was not influenced by change in periprosthetic BMD.ConclusionMigration of cemented medial tibial UKA was low until 24 months and was neither affected by preoperative systemic BMD nor affected by postoperative change in periprosthetic BMD. This suggests good long-term fixation despite an index difference in proximal tibial BMD.     

Lomitapide for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia

Introduction: Severe genetic forms of hypertriglyceridemia carry a risk of life-threatening pancreatitis and lack available effective treatments. Lomitapide is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor currently approved for treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia that may be useful in the management of severe hypertriglyceridemia.

Areas covered: Published trials of lomitapide that reported plasma triglyceride response were reviewed, as was a case report of a patient with hypertriglyceridemia who was treated for 13 years with lomitapide. ClinicalTrials.gov was also reviewed for any unpublished results and ongoing trials.

Expert opinion: Lomitapide demonstrates effective triglyceride lowering and may be a useful treatment for patients with genetic hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent acute pancreatitis who are refractory to traditional treatment. However, long term hepatic safety may be a concern and direct clinical trial-level data are lacking for this indication.     

Maternal exposure to ambient PM2.5 and term low birthweight in the State of Georgia

A growing body of evidence suggests that ambient air pollution could be associated with low birthweight (LBW). In this study, we examined pregnancy exposure to ambient PM_2.5 and the risk of LBW in the State of Georgia. The study population consisted of 48,172 full-term live births between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2004 in nine counties of Georgia, which was obtained from the national natality dataset. County-level air quality index data obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was used to estimate exposure to ambient levels of PM_2.5. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that infants with maternal exposure to PM_2.5 falling within 75 to < 95th percentiles were at increased risk of LBW (OR: 1.36; 95 % CI: 1.03, 1.79), after adjusting for potential confounders. This study provided more evidence on the role of PM_2.5 in LBW. Reducing exposure for pregnant women would be necessary to improve the health of infants.     

Role of optical coherence tomography angiography in the characterization of vascular network patterns of ocular surface squamous neoplasia

PurposeTo visualize and quantify vascular networks in individuals with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodCross-sectional study of OSSN patients. Vascular networks were measured by OCTA in the epithelium and sub-epithelial space in the tumors, adjacent tissue, and in the contralateral eye. Vessel area density (VAD, percent of blood vessels within 2.14 mm²), was calculated for each location. Total tumor density (TTD, percent of blood vessels within the entire tumor) was calculated. VAD was assessed separately for corneal and conjunctival locations and compared.ResultsFifteen patients with OSSN were included. The mean age was 61 ± 12 years and the majority were male (80%). The mean tumor area, volume, depth, and TTD were 28.0 ± 9.0 mm² (range, 10.9–39.7), 9.1 ± 4.1 mm³ (range, 3.4–18.8), 334 ± 125 μm (range, 177–571), and 33.2% ± 11.0% (range, 18.7–58.8), respectively. The VAD was highest within the tumor (28.9% ± 8.7%) followed by the adjacent sub-epithelial tissue and the tissue underneath the conjunctival component of tumor. These densities were higher than the VAD in the tissues of the non-involved eye (all P < 0.05). The VAD within conjunctival component of tumor was significantly higher than those with corneal component (29.8% ± 9.5% vs. 21.1% ± 5.5%, p = 0.006). The VAD under conjunctival tumor was also significantly higher than under corneal component (24.1% ± 7.8% vs. 17.0% ± 6.1%, p = 0.024).ConclusionsOCTA imaging allowed for visualization and quantification of vessel structure and density within, under, and surrounding OSSN.     

股骨颈骨折合并抑郁老年男性骨密度和骨代谢变化

目的分析老年男性股骨颈骨折合并抑郁患者骨密度和骨代谢生化指标变化，探讨抑郁对骨质疏松骨代谢的影响。 方法选取于北京医院骨科2017年1月至2019年1月住院的老年男性股骨颈骨折患者102例。排除病理性骨折、认知功能障碍等患者。依据老年抑郁量表(GDS)将老年男性股骨颈骨折患者分为抑郁组和对照组。通过测定并比较两组患者的骨密度(BMD)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、血钙、血磷、25-羟基-维生素D[25(OH)D]、骨钙素(OC)、Ⅰ型原胶原氨基端前肽(P1NP)、血清Ⅰ型胶原羧基末端肽交联β特殊序列(β-CTX)水平，分析抑郁严重程度(GDS评分)与骨密度及骨代谢生化指标的相关性。分类变量的比较采用卡方检验，连续变量的比较采用t检验，两组连续性变量的相关性应用Pearson相关分析。 结果抑郁组患者BMD明显低于对照组(腰椎t ＝5.964、髋部t ＝2.845，P <0.05)。与对照组相比，抑郁组血清25(OH)D水平下降(t ＝3.077，P <0.05)，抑郁组血清OC水平低于对照组(t ＝2.013，P <0.05)，而血清β-CTX水平高于对照组(t ＝2.938，P <0.05)，P1NP水平与对照组差异无统计学意义(t ＝0.684，P >0.05)。抑郁严重程度(GDS评分)与BMD(r＝-0.456，P <0.05)、25(OH)D(r＝-0.546，P <0.05)、OC(r＝-0.215，P <0.05)呈负相关，与P1NP(r＝-0.115，P>0.05)相关性不显著，与β-CTX(r＝0.372，P<0.05)呈正相关。 结论抑郁症患者的骨形成标志物水平降低和骨吸收标志物水平升高，抑郁症是低骨密度和骨折的危险因素。应重视老年抑郁症患者骨代谢指标和25(OH)D的检测，及时进行维生素D的补充和有效的抗骨吸收药物治疗。     

妊娠期脂代谢异常与子痫前期发生的相关性研究

目的分析妊娠期脂代谢异常与子痫前期发生的关系。方法回顾性选取2019年1月至2020年1月于新疆医科大学第一附属医院产检并分娩的53例子痫前期产妇作为观察组,并选取同期医院产检并分娩的53例正常产妇作为对照组。记录两组产妇妊娠早、中、晚期的脂代谢指标,分析其与子痫前期发生的关系。结果两组早、中、晚期的甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);进一步两两比较发现,两组晚期TG、HDL-C、LDL-C分别与两组早期及中期比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),两组中期TC与观察组早期及对照组晚期比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),但观察组中期与晚期TC及对照组早期与中期TC比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经Logistic回归分析结果显示,不同妊娠期脂代谢水平与子痫前期的发生有关,妊娠早、中、晚期TG、TC、LDL-C升高及HDL-C降低可能是子痫前期发生的风险因子(P<0.05);绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线结果显示,妊娠早、中、晚期TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平预测子痫前期发生风险的AUC均>0.80。结论妊娠期血脂代谢水平异常与子痫前期的发生有关,可能是产妇发生子痫前期的风险因子。     

Advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases

The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing as human longevity increases. The objective biomarkers that enable the staging and early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases are eagerly anticipated. It has recently become possible to determine pathological changes in the brain without autopsy with the advancement of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is a robust tool used to evaluate brain microstructural complexity and integrity, axonal order, density, and myelination via the micron-scale displacement of water molecules diffusing in tissues. Diffusion tensor imaging, a type of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging technique is widely utilized in clinical and research settings;however, it has several limitations. To overcome these limitations, cutting-edge diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as diffusional kurtosis imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, and free water imaging, have been recently proposed and applied to evaluate the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. This review focused on the main applications, findings, and future directions of advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques in patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, the first and second most common neurodegenerative diseases, respectively.